Recent legal and practice developments
Substantive commentary based on official rules, agency publications and reported decisions. Each article identifies its jurisdiction, review date and primary sources.
INDIA · US · EUROPE · PATENTS
Patent filing cost in India, the US and Europe
Official fees to file, examine, grant and renew a patent at IP India, the USPTO and the EPO in 2026, with startup and small entity discounts.
Read the analysis →US · INDIA · EUROPE · UK · COPYRIGHT
Worldwide copyright termination after BMG v Vetter
Why a US termination notice can now bring back an author's rights throughout the world, what the Supreme Court did not decide, and how India, the EU and UK compare.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · UK · TRADE MARKS
AI and trade mark squatting guidelines in India
What the draft rules for the Trade Marks Registry require on AI declarations and evidence, the open consultation on squatting, and how the US, EU and UK compare.
Read the analysis →UK · EUROPE · INDIA · US · SEP AND FRAND
UK SEP consultation response and FRAND disputes
Why the UK dropped a rate setting track and new injunction limits, what the early court FRAND view and IPO opinion service would do, and how Europe, India and the US compare.
Read the analysis →US · INDIA · EUROPE · PATENT VALIDITY
IPR settled expectations after Google v VirtaMove
Why the Supreme Court refusal leaves the USPTO discretionary denial practice in place, which petitions are pending, and how India and Europe compare.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · PATENT PROCEDURE
Patent deemed abandoned in India after an FER email
Why the Delhi High Court restored an application when the emailed FER never arrived, why refusals on unheard grounds fall, and how the US and EPO handle non receipt.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · TRADE MARKS
Using a registered trademark without permission
When use of another brand infringes, and when descriptive use, resale, comparison or parody is allowed in India, the US, the EU and the UK.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · DESIGNS
GUI and icon design registration in India
What the draft guidelines allow after the Calcutta High Court ruling, the frame by frame rule for animations, email FERs, and how the US, EU and UK compare.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · TRADE MARKS
iPhone Duo trademark: who owns the name Duo?
What Apple filed for IPHONE DUO, what protects Duolingo's owl and what happens to the retired SURFACE DUO name in India, the US and Europe.
Read the analysis →EUROPE · UK · US · INDIA · SEP AND FRAND
UPC PMAC FRAND guidelines: the consultation
What the UPC mediation and arbitration centre proposes for FRAND disputes, what it leaves open, and how India, the US and the UK compare. Comments close 26 October 2026.
Read the analysis →US · INDIA · EUROPE · COPYRIGHT AND AI
AI training fair use: Thomson Reuters v Ross
Why the Third Circuit held that copying Westlaw headnotes to train a rival legal research tool was not fair use, and how India, the UK and the EU compare.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · PATENTS
Process patent infringement in India: NOCIL v Finorchem
Why the Calcutta High Court put the burden of proving a different process on the defendant, held that new entrants should clear the way, and how the US and Europe compare.
Read the analysis →US · INDIA · EUROPE · PATENTS
Inoperable patent claims: Satius v Samsung
Why the Federal Circuit held a claim with an impossible alternative clear but not enabled, and how India, the EPO and the UK treat claims that cannot work.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · UK · EU · COPYRIGHT
Copyright in a logo: Japan Tobacco v Central Wearhouse
Why the Delhi High Court held that trade mark registrations do not prove who first owned the CAMEL artwork, and how the US, UK and EU treat logo ownership.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · TRADE MARKS
Well known trademarks across classes: ACC Steel v ACC
Why the Karnataka High Court stopped ACC being used for steel bars, and how US dilution and EU reputation rules protect famous marks on different goods.
Read the analysis →US · EUROPE · INDIA · BIOTECH PATENTS
Enablement of method of treatment claims after Teva v Lilly
Why the Federal Circuit upheld claims to treating headache with a class of antibodies after Amgen, and how Europe and India treat medical use claims.
Read the analysis →INDIA · US · EUROPE · CLAIM DRAFTING
Patent claim drafting for commercial value
Who infringes, whether infringement can be proved, how easily a claim can be avoided, and why amendment limits mean fallbacks must be filed on day one.
Read the guide →INDIA · PATENT OFFICE · AI
India’s AI guidelines for patent examination
What examiners and Controllers may and may not do with AI under the 2026 CGPDTM guidelines, and what applicants should check in every FER.
Read the analysis →INDIA · SUPREME COURT · PATENT TERM
Patent term adjustment in India and section 53
The Supreme Court will examine whether delay in grant should cost a patentee its term. What the Calcutta High Court held and how the US, Europe, China and Japan compare.
Read the analysis →EUROPE · UPC · CASE LAW
Sidel v Omnia. UPC opt out timing
Why a noninfringement action filed before grant made the patentee’s opt outs ineffective, and how India, the US and the UK compare.
Read the analysis →STARTUPS · IP COSTS
Startup IP on a budget. What to patent first
Why a large early portfolio can drain cash, the questions to ask before any patent, narrow trade mark filings and the fee concessions in India, the US and Europe.
Read the guide →PCT · FILING STRATEGY
When to file a PCT application
When the PCT saves money, when a direct filing is better, and how search reports, PPH and ASPEC can cut prosecution time and cost.
Read the guide →INDIA · PATENT FILING GUIDE
How to file a patent in India, step by step
Patentability, filing routes, forms, publication, examination within 31 months, FER replies, hearings, grant and the duties that follow grant.
Read the guide →IP FUNDAMENTALS · INDIA · US · EU
Types of intellectual property compared
What patents, trade marks, copyright, designs and trade secrets protect, how long each lasts and how Indian law compares with the US and the EU.
Read the guide →INDIA · CHOOSING ADVICE
Intellectual property lawyer in India: how to choose
What an IP lawyer does, how a patent agent and a trade mark agent differ, how to check registration and how fees are structured.
Read the guide →INDIA · SOFTWARE · AI PATENTS
Software and AI patents in India
Section 3(k), the 2025 CRI Guidelines, what examiners look for and how to draft for India, the US and Europe together.
Read the guide →INDIA · DESIGNS
Industrial design registration in India
What the Designs Act, 2000 protects, the filing steps and the 10 plus 5 year term.
Read the guide →INDIA · PATENTS · FOREIGN APPLICANTS
Patent filing in India for US and European companies
PCT national phase entry, Paris Convention filings, section 3 and section 8 issues, and post grant compliance for foreign patentees.
Read more →INDIA · CASE LAW · SEPs
Bansal v Philips and SEP evidence in India
Why the Delhi High Court set aside a DVD royalty decree. Essentiality, product infringement, comparable licences and the royalty base each required separate proof.
Read the analysis →INDIA · TRADE MARKS
DUO versus DUO. Can two businesses use one word?
What Duo Security, Google Duo and the Apple dispute show about sharing one word, and how the Trade Marks Act, 1999 treats related goods, prior use and coexistence.
Read the analysis →UNITED STATES · CASE LAW
Recentive v Fox. AI patent eligibility lessons
The Federal Circuit explains why applying familiar machine learning to a new data environment was insufficient on the claims before it.
Read the analysis →EUROPE · CASE LAW
EPO G 1/24 and claim interpretation
What it means that the description and drawings are always consulted when claims are interpreted for patentability.
Read the analysis →INDIA · PATENTS
India patent rules and filing practice in 2026
A practical compliance review based on the Patents Act, current rules, forms and official fee information.
Read the guide →INDIA · TRADE MARKS
India trade mark eKYC developments
What applicants and agents should verify in light of the Trade Marks Registry notices issued in 2026.
Read the update →UNITED STATES · AI
US AI patent inventorship guidance
How claim focused contribution records help teams assess inventorship when artificial intelligence tools are used.
Read the guide →UNITED STATES · ELIGIBILITY
USPTO eligibility declarations
A careful guide to the agency procedure and the limits of evidence submitted during Section 101 examination.
Read the guide →EUROPEAN UNION · TRADE MARKS
EU trade mark and design practice in 2026
A portfolio review covering specifications, ownership, evidence of use and the staged design law reform.
Read the guide →Patent resources
Before filing a patent application
Preserve confidentiality, record the inventors and technical contribution, collect drawings and alternatives, identify planned disclosures and clarify commercial markets before selecting the filing route.
Review drafting support →Provisional or complete specification?
The appropriate choice depends on the maturity of the invention, available technical detail, disclosure timetable and filing strategy. A provisional filing is not a substitute for an adequately developed disclosure.
Understand patent services →Responding to an FER or office action
Begin with the claim language, cited references, examiner’s mapping and available amendment support. Consider both legal argument and the technical operation of the invention.
View prosecution support →Understanding a patentability search
A patentability search identifies relevant prior disclosures and informs drafting strategy. It does not guarantee that an application will be granted or remain valid.
Compare search types →International filing resources
PCT filing strategy
The PCT route can defer certain national filing decisions while providing an international search and written opinion. National or regional phase filings remain necessary for enforceable rights.
Explore PCT support →US and EP drafting differences
A sound international application should anticipate jurisdiction specific issues involving amendment basis, claim form, eligibility, clarity and support without fragmenting the core disclosure.
View cross border support →Trademark resources
Search before adopting a brand
A search before filing can identify legal and commercial conflicts before investment in packaging, promotion, domains and registration.
Trademark search support →Objection versus opposition
An examination objection is raised by the Registry during prosecution. An opposition is generally brought by a third party after publication. The required evidence and procedure differ.
Trademark prosecution →Editorial approach
Resources published by PRASA IP explain practical IP processes using primary legal and official sources. Each current article identifies a responsible reviewer, the relevant jurisdiction and the date of substantive review.